Properties of 2-D, 3-D shaped objects in Mathematics

Introduction

  The objects around us come in various shapes and sizes. In general we can see circles, squares, and rectangle everywhere around us. These shapes have their own pattern and properties. Depending on many factors. Such as angle, sides, length, height, width, area, volume, etc., the shapes can vary. Let us learn various types of 2D, 3D shapes here, 

 

Table of contents:

1)2-Dimensional shapes

•Definition

•Examples

•Properties

2)3-Dimensional shapes

•Definition

•Examples

•properties

1.1) 2-Dimensional shapes: Definition

In geometry, a shape or a figure that has a length and a breadth is a 2D shapes. The 2D shapes can be defined as the plane figures that can be drawn on a flat surface or a piece of paper. Some of the 2d shapes contain sides and corners, whereas some have curved boundaries. In general, plane figures made of lines are known as polygons (eg:square and triangle etc.). 

1.2) Examples of 2D shapes objects

Rectangle, circle, square, triangle, quadrilaternal and pentagon are some example of 2D shapes. 

1.3) Properties of 2D shapes objects

1) Quadrilateral- All closed four sided figures are called quadrilaternals. It has four sides, four vertices, and two diagonals.

2) Square - A square has four equal sides, four vertices and two diagonals. The diagonals of a square are equal in length. 

Examples: Carom board, chess board, one face of the dice. 

3) Rectangle - A rectangle has four sides and four vertices. It has two equal diagonals and opposite sides are equal. 

Examples: Mat, blackboard. 

4) Rhombus - A rhombus has four equal sides, four vertices and two diagonals. The diagonals are not equal in length. 

Examples: Kite, tile. 

5) A parallelogram - A parallelogram has four sides and four vertices. Opposite sides are parallel and equal in length. 

Examples: Eraser, soap. 

2.1) 3-Dimentional Shapes: Definition

In our day to day life, we see several objects around us which have different shapes. One thing common in these objects is that they all have some length, breadth and height or depth. Thus they have three dimensions and so are known as a 3D shapes. The 3d shapes occupy space. In a world with three dimensions, you can travel forward, backward, right, left, and even up and down. 

2.2) Example of 3D shapes objects

Cuboid, cube, cylinder, sphere, pyramid and cone are a few examples of 3d shapes. 

2.3) Properties of 3D shapes objects

1) Cube - A cube has 6 plane faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices. All the six faces are equal. 

Examples: Dice, ice cubes, building blocks, rubik's cube. 

2) Cuboid - A cuboid has 6 plane faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices. It's opposite faces are equal. 

Examples: Match box, bricks, eraser, book, toothpaste box. 

3) Sphere - A sphere has only one curved surface. It has no vertices and edges. 

Examples: Ball, globe, laddu. 

4) Cone - A cone has one plane face and one curved surface. It has one vertex. 

Examples: Cone ice cream, party cup. 

5) Cylinder - A cylinder has 12 plane faces and 1 curved surface. It has no edges and vertices. 

Examples: Straw, gas cylinder, pipe. 



Conclusion

  Through this you have learned all about squares, rectangles, circles, ovals, triangles, hexagons and pentagons etc. Not only have you learned the properties of these geometric shapes and how to identify them in the real world.